The NREF Young Clinician Investigator Award supports junior faculty pursuing careers as clinical investigators. Applicants must be neurosurgeons, no more than two years from completing neurosurgical residency training or clinical fellowship, who are full-time faculty in North American teaching institutions. Fifty percent of the young clinician investigator's efforts during the funding period of this grant should be devoted to research, but exceptions can be considered. The project proposal should be in NIH format and include the following elements: Specific Aims; Significance; Innovation; Preliminary Findings; and Approach. Other elements that should be included in the grant submission are as follows: References; Career Development Plan; Vertebrate Animals; Department chair letter; Mentor letter; and other letters of support. Please visit the award's website for more information.